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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

上海首发革命文物保护利用白皮书******

　　中国共产党第一次全国代表大会会址。上海市文化和旅游局供图

　　中新网上海1月9日电 (王笈)近日，上海市文化和旅游局、上海市文物局正式发布国内首部不可移动革命文物白皮书——《上海市不可移动革命文物保护利用报告(2018-2022年)》(以下简称《报告》)，系统全面总结上海革命文物保护利用工作。

　　上海是中国共产党的诞生地、初心始发地，革命文物资源数量众多、内涵丰富，在中国革命历史上有着举足轻重的地位。

　　四行仓库抗战旧址。上海市文化和旅游局 供图

　　《报告》指出，上海不可移动革命文物(以下简称“革命文物”)主要呈现4个特点，即保护级别全、分布区域广、时间跨度长、建筑类型多。250处革命文物涉及全部4个保护等级，在上海各区均有分布，时间跨度长达150年，新民主主义革命时期的占82%，建筑类型涵盖里弄住宅、传统民居、联排住宅、花园别墅、公寓大楼、公共建筑等，呈现出革命活动的广泛性、深入性。

　　《报告》指出，在上海市委、市政府的领导下，上海革命文物保护基础不断夯实，展览展示水平和铸魂育人功能明显增强，革命文物传承弘扬和保护利用体系初步形成。

　　一是保护成效显著。5年来累计投入资金约5亿元，对62处(占比24.8%)革命文物进行了各类保护修缮，经评估保存基本完好以上有198处(占比80%)。

　　二是利用方式多样。有114处(占比46%)进行了各类活化利用，改建为革命类博物馆、纪念馆，增设主题展览，设立纪念碑、纪念雕塑，融入公共空间等。

　　三是开放参观便捷。有146处(占比58%)对外开放，具备较为成熟的展示功能，参观体验良好。

　　四是宣传讲解多元。225处(占比90%)开展各类线上宣传，配备专兼职讲解人员，充分体现了社会各界的积极性和主动性。

　　《报告》还总结了上海5年来革命文物保护利用和传承弘扬方面的具体做法和经验成效。包括：注重顶层设计，工作体系不断完善；加强整体保护，革命文物焕发新生；提升展示水平，讲好革命文物故事；深化系统研究，阐释革命文物内涵；强化教育功能，发挥铸魂育人作用；拓展运用方式，助力文旅融合发展；加强宣传推介，提升传播力影响力。

　　陈望道旧居。上海市文化和旅游局 供图

　　据悉，上海市文化和旅游局、上海市文物局将依据《报告》成果，对上海不可移动革命文物施行分级分类管理，提出具体工作建议，发挥好革命文物在党史学习教育、革命传统教育、爱国主义教育等方面的重要作用。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）